led_ws2812b.c
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/* This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*
*/
/* standard libraries */
#include <stdint.h> // standard integer types
#include <stdlib.h> // general utilities
/* STM32 (including CM3) libraries */
#include <libopencmsis/core_cm3.h> // Cortex M3 utilities
#include <libopencm3/stm32/rcc.h> // real-time control clock library
#include <libopencm3/stm32/gpio.h> // general purpose input output library
#include <libopencm3/stm32/spi.h> // SPI library
#include <libopencm3/stm32/timer.h> // timer library
#include <libopencm3/stm32/dma.h> // DMA library
#include <libopencm3/cm3/nvic.h> // interrupt handler
#include "led_ws2812b.h" // LED WS2812B library API
#include "global.h" // common methods
#define LED_WS2812B_SPI 1
#define LED_WS2812B_TIMER 3
#define LED_WS2812B_CLK_CH 3
#define LED_WS2812B_TIMER_OC TIM_OC3
#define LED_WS2812B_SPI_TEMPLATE 0x924924
uint8_t led_ws2812b_data[LED_WS2812B_LEDS*3*3+40*3/8+1] = {0};
static volatile bool transmit_flag = false;
void led_ws2812b_set_rgb(uint16_t led, uint8_t red, uint8_t green, uint8_t blue)
{
// verify the led exists
if (led>=LED_WS2812B_LEDS) {
return;
}
// wait for transmission to complete before changing the color
while (transmit_flag) {
__WFI();
}
const uint8_t colors[] = {green, red, blue}; // color order for the WS2812B
const uint8_t pattern_bit[] = {0x02, 0x10, 0x80, 0x04, 0x20, 0x01, 0x08, 0x40}; // which bit to change in the pattern
const uint8_t pattern_byte[] = {2,2,2,1,1,0,0,0}; // in which byte in the pattern to write the pattern bit
for (uint8_t color=0; color<LENGTH(colors); color++) { // colors are encoded similarly
// fill the middle bit (fixed is faster than calculating it)
for (uint8_t bit=0; bit<8; bit++) { // bit from the color to set/clear
if (colors[color]&(1<<bit)) { // setting bit
led_ws2812b_data[led*3*3+color*3+pattern_byte[bit]] |= pattern_bit[bit]; // setting bit is pattern
} else { // clear bit
led_ws2812b_data[led*3*3+color*3+pattern_byte[bit]] &= ~pattern_bit[bit]; // clearing bit is pattern
}
}
}
}
bool led_ws2812b_transmit(void)
{
if (transmit_flag) { // a transmission is already ongoing
return false;
}
transmit_flag = true; // remember transmission started
dma_set_memory_address(DMA_SPI(LED_WS2812B_SPI), DMA_CHANNEL_SPI_TX(LED_WS2812B_SPI), (uint32_t)led_ws2812b_data);
dma_set_number_of_data(DMA_SPI(LED_WS2812B_SPI), DMA_CHANNEL_SPI_TX(LED_WS2812B_SPI), LENGTH(led_ws2812b_data)); // set the size of the data to transmit
dma_enable_transfer_complete_interrupt(DMA_SPI(LED_WS2812B_SPI), DMA_CHANNEL_SPI_TX(LED_WS2812B_SPI)); // warm when transfer is complete to stop transmission
dma_enable_channel(DMA_SPI(LED_WS2812B_SPI), DMA_CHANNEL_SPI_TX(LED_WS2812B_SPI)); // enable DMA channel
spi_enable_tx_dma(SPI(LED_WS2812B_SPI)); // use DMA to provide data stream to be transfered
timer_set_counter(TIM(LED_WS2812B_TIMER), 0); // reset timer counter fro clean clock
timer_enable_counter(TIM(LED_WS2812B_TIMER)); // start timer to generate clock
return true;
}
void led_ws2812b_setup(void)
{
// setup timer to generate clock of (using PWM): 800kHz*3
rcc_periph_clock_enable(RCC_TIM_CH(LED_WS2812B_TIMER, LED_WS2812B_CLK_CH)); // enable clock for GPIO peripheral
gpio_set_mode(TIM_CH_PORT(LED_WS2812B_TIMER, LED_WS2812B_CLK_CH), GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_10_MHZ, GPIO_CNF_OUTPUT_ALTFN_PUSHPULL, TIM_CH_PIN(LED_WS2812B_TIMER, LED_WS2812B_CLK_CH)); // set pin as output
rcc_periph_clock_enable(RCC_AFIO); // enable clock for alternate function (PWM)
rcc_periph_clock_enable(RCC_TIM(LED_WS2812B_TIMER)); // enable clock for timer peripheral
timer_reset(TIM(LED_WS2812B_TIMER)); // reset timer state
timer_set_mode(TIM(LED_WS2812B_TIMER), TIM_CR1_CKD_CK_INT, TIM_CR1_CMS_EDGE, TIM_CR1_DIR_UP); // set timer mode, use undivided timer clock, edge alignment (simple count), and count up
timer_set_prescaler(TIM(LED_WS2812B_TIMER), 0); // no prescaler to keep most precise timer (72MHz/2^16=1099<800kHz)
timer_set_period(TIM(LED_WS2812B_TIMER), rcc_ahb_frequency/800000/3-1); // set the clock frequency to 800kHz*3bit since we need to send 3 bits to output a 800kbps stream
timer_set_oc_value(TIM(LED_WS2812B_TIMER), LED_WS2812B_TIMER_OC, rcc_ahb_frequency/800000/3/2); // duty cycle to 50%
timer_set_oc_mode(TIM(LED_WS2812B_TIMER), LED_WS2812B_TIMER_OC, TIM_OCM_PWM1); // set timer to generate PWM (used as clock)
timer_enable_oc_output(TIM(LED_WS2812B_TIMER), LED_WS2812B_TIMER_OC); // enable output to generate the clock
// setup SPI to transmit data (we are slave and the clock comes from the above PWM): 3 SPI bits for 1 WS2812B bit
rcc_periph_clock_enable(RCC_SPI_SCK_PORT(LED_WS2812B_SPI)); // enable clock for SPI IO peripheral
gpio_set_mode(SPI_SCK_PORT(LED_WS2812B_SPI), GPIO_MODE_INPUT, GPIO_CNF_INPUT_FLOAT, SPI_SCK_PIN(LED_WS2812B_SPI)); // set clock as input
rcc_periph_clock_enable(RCC_SPI_MISO_PORT(LED_WS2812B_SPI)); // enable clock for SPI IO peripheral
gpio_set_mode(SPI_MISO_PORT(LED_WS2812B_SPI), GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_10_MHZ, GPIO_CNF_OUTPUT_ALTFN_PUSHPULL, SPI_MISO_PIN(LED_WS2812B_SPI)); // set MISO as output
rcc_periph_clock_enable(RCC_AFIO); // enable clock for SPI alternate function
rcc_periph_clock_enable(RCC_SPI(LED_WS2812B_SPI)); // enable clock for SPI peripheral
spi_reset(SPI(LED_WS2812B_SPI)); // clear SPI values to default
spi_set_slave_mode(SPI(LED_WS2812B_SPI)); // set SPI as slave (since we use the clock as input)
spi_set_bidirectional_transmit_only_mode(SPI(LED_WS2812B_SPI)); // we won't receive data
spi_set_unidirectional_mode(SPI(LED_WS2812B_SPI)); // we only need to transmit data
spi_set_dff_8bit(SPI(LED_WS2812B_SPI)); // use 8 bits for simpler encoding (but there will be more interrupts)
spi_set_clock_polarity_1(SPI(LED_WS2812B_SPI)); // clock is high when idle
spi_set_clock_phase_1(SPI(LED_WS2812B_SPI)); // output data on second edge (rising)
spi_send_msb_first(SPI(LED_WS2812B_SPI)); // send least significant bit first
spi_enable_software_slave_management(SPI(LED_WS2812B_SPI)); // control the slave select in software (since there is no master)
spi_set_nss_low(SPI(LED_WS2812B_SPI)); // set NSS low so we can output
spi_enable(SPI(LED_WS2812B_SPI)); // enable SPI
// do not disable SPI or set NSS high since it will put MISO high, breaking the beginning of the next transmission
// configure DMA to provide the pattern to be shifted out from SPI to the WS2812B LEDs
rcc_periph_clock_enable(RCC_DMA_SPI(LED_WS2812B_SPI)); // enable clock for DMA peripheral
dma_channel_reset(DMA_SPI(LED_WS2812B_SPI), DMA_CHANNEL_SPI_TX(LED_WS2812B_SPI)); // start with fresh channel configuration
dma_set_memory_address(DMA_SPI(LED_WS2812B_SPI), DMA_CHANNEL_SPI_TX(LED_WS2812B_SPI), (uint32_t)led_ws2812b_data); // set bit pattern as source address
dma_set_peripheral_address(DMA_SPI(LED_WS2812B_SPI), DMA_CHANNEL_SPI_TX(LED_WS2812B_SPI), (uint32_t)&SPI_DR(SPI(LED_WS2812B_SPI))); // set SPI as peripheral destination address
dma_set_read_from_memory(DMA_SPI(LED_WS2812B_SPI), DMA_CHANNEL_SPI_TX(LED_WS2812B_SPI)); // set direction from memory to peripheral
dma_enable_memory_increment_mode(DMA_SPI(LED_WS2812B_SPI), DMA_CHANNEL_SPI_TX(LED_WS2812B_SPI)); // go through bit pattern
dma_set_memory_size(DMA_SPI(LED_WS2812B_SPI), DMA_CHANNEL_SPI_TX(LED_WS2812B_SPI), DMA_CCR_MSIZE_8BIT); // read 8 bits from memory
dma_set_peripheral_size(DMA_SPI(LED_WS2812B_SPI), DMA_CHANNEL_SPI_TX(LED_WS2812B_SPI), DMA_CCR_PSIZE_8BIT); // write 8 bits to peripheral
dma_set_priority(DMA_SPI(LED_WS2812B_SPI), DMA_CHANNEL_SPI_TX(LED_WS2812B_SPI), DMA_CCR_PL_HIGH); // set priority to high since time is crucial for the peripheral
nvic_enable_irq(DMA_IRQ_SPI_TX(LED_WS2812B_SPI)); // enable interrupts for this DMA channel
// fill buffer with bit pattern
for (uint16_t i=0; i<LED_WS2812B_LEDS*3; i++) {
led_ws2812b_data[i*3+0] = (uint8_t)(LED_WS2812B_SPI_TEMPLATE>>16);
led_ws2812b_data[i*3+1] = (uint8_t)(LED_WS2812B_SPI_TEMPLATE>>8);
led_ws2812b_data[i*3+2] = (uint8_t)(LED_WS2812B_SPI_TEMPLATE>>0);
}
// fill remaining with with 0 to encode the reset code
for (uint16_t i=LED_WS2812B_LEDS*3*3; i<LENGTH(led_ws2812b_data); i++) {
led_ws2812b_data[i] = 0;
}
led_ws2812b_transmit(); // set LEDs
}
void DMA_ISR_SPI_TX(LED_WS2812B_SPI)(void)
{
if (dma_get_interrupt_flag(DMA_SPI(LED_WS2812B_SPI), DMA_CHANNEL_SPI_TX(LED_WS2812B_SPI), DMA_TCIF)) { // transfer completed
dma_clear_interrupt_flags(DMA_SPI(LED_WS2812B_SPI), DMA_CHANNEL_SPI_TX(LED_WS2812B_SPI), DMA_TCIF); // clear flag
dma_disable_transfer_complete_interrupt(DMA_SPI(LED_WS2812B_SPI), DMA_CHANNEL_SPI_TX(LED_WS2812B_SPI)); // stop warning transfer completed
spi_disable_tx_dma(SPI(LED_WS2812B_SPI)); // stop SPI asking for more data
while (SPI_SR(SPI(LED_WS2812B_SPI)) & SPI_SR_BSY); // wait for data to be shifted out
timer_disable_counter(TIM(LED_WS2812B_TIMER)); // stop clock
dma_disable_channel(DMA_SPI(LED_WS2812B_SPI), DMA_CHANNEL_SPI_TX(LED_WS2812B_SPI)); // stop using DMA
transmit_flag = false; // transmission completed
}
}
led_ws2812b_setup
void led_ws2812b_setup(void)
setup WS2812B LED driver
Definition: led_ws2812b.c:109
LED_WS2812B_SPI
#define LED_WS2812B_SPI
SPI peripheral.
Definition: led_ws2812b.c:42
RCC_TIM_CH
#define RCC_TIM_CH(x, y)
get RCC for port based on TIMx_CHy identifier
Definition: global.h:119
DMA_IRQ_SPI_TX
#define DMA_IRQ_SPI_TX(x)
get DMA NVIC IRQ for SPI TX based on SPI identifier
Definition: global.h:333
DMA_CHANNEL_SPI_TX
#define DMA_CHANNEL_SPI_TX(x)
get DMA channel for SPI TX based on SPI identifier
Definition: global.h:323
led_ws2812b_transmit
bool led_ws2812b_transmit(void)
transmit color values to WS2812B LEDs
Definition: led_ws2812b.c:91
LED_WS2812B_TIMER_OC
#define LED_WS2812B_TIMER_OC
timer output compare used to set PWM frequency
Definition: led_ws2812b.c:50
LED_WS2812B_CLK_CH
#define LED_WS2812B_CLK_CH
timer channel to output PWM (PB0), connect to SPI clock input
Definition: led_ws2812b.c:49
global.h
global definitions and methods (API)
transmit_flag
static volatile bool transmit_flag
flag set in software when transmission started, clear by interrupt when transmission completed ...
Definition: led_ws2812b.c:63
RCC_SPI_MISO_PORT
#define RCC_SPI_MISO_PORT(x)
get RCC for GPIO port for SPI MISO signals
Definition: global.h:281
RCC_TIM
#define RCC_TIM(x)
get RCC for timer based on TIM identifier
Definition: global.h:109
RCC_SPI
#define RCC_SPI(x)
get RCC for SPI based on SPI identifier
Definition: global.h:269
TIM_CH_PIN
#define TIM_CH_PIN(x, y)
get pin based on TIMx_CHy identifier
Definition: global.h:117
RCC_DMA_SPI
#define RCC_DMA_SPI(x)
get RCC for DMA based on SPI identifier
Definition: global.h:318
DMA_ISR_SPI_TX
#define DMA_ISR_SPI_TX(x)
get DMA ISR for SPI TX based on SPI identifier
Definition: global.h:343
SPI_SCK_PORT
#define SPI_SCK_PORT(x)
get SPI port for SCK signal based on SPI identifier
Definition: global.h:293
led_ws2812b_data
uint8_t led_ws2812b_data[LED_WS2812B_LEDS *3 *3+40 *3/8+1]
data encoded to be shifted out by SPI for the WS2812B, plus the 50us reset (~40 data bits) ...
Definition: led_ws2812b.c:62
led_ws2812b_set_rgb
void led_ws2812b_set_rgb(uint16_t led, uint8_t red, uint8_t green, uint8_t blue)
set color of a single LED
Definition: led_ws2812b.c:65
TIM_CH_PORT
#define TIM_CH_PORT(x, y)
get port based on TIMx_CHy identifier
Definition: global.h:115
SPI_MISO_PORT
#define SPI_MISO_PORT(x)
get SPI port for MISO signal based on SPI identifier
Definition: global.h:295
SPI
#define SPI(x)
get SPI based on SPI identifier
Definition: global.h:267
LED_WS2812B_LEDS
#define LED_WS2812B_LEDS
number of LEDs on the WS2812B strip
Definition: led_ws2812b.h:24
RCC_SPI_SCK_PORT
#define RCC_SPI_SCK_PORT(x)
get RCC for GPIO port for SPI SCK signals
Definition: global.h:276
LENGTH
#define LENGTH(x)
get the length of an array
Definition: global.h:26
LED_WS2812B_SPI_TEMPLATE
#define LED_WS2812B_SPI_TEMPLATE
bit template to encode one byte to be shifted out by SPI to the WS2812B LEDs
Definition: led_ws2812b.c:60
LED_WS2812B_TIMER
#define LED_WS2812B_TIMER
timer peripheral
Definition: led_ws2812b.c:48
TIM
#define TIM(x)
get TIM based on TIM identifier
Definition: global.h:107
SPI_MISO_PIN
#define SPI_MISO_PIN(x)
get SPI pin for MISO signal based on SPI identifier
Definition: global.h:303
DMA_SPI
#define DMA_SPI(x)
get DMA based on SPI identifier
Definition: global.h:313
SPI_SCK_PIN
#define SPI_SCK_PIN(x)
get SPI pin for SCK signal based on SPI identifier
Definition: global.h:301
led_ws2812b.h
library to drive a WS2812B LED chain (API)